Despite robust legislation enacted over fifteen years ago, smoking openly in public areas remains a widespread and largely unpunished practice across Chad, particularly within its bustling capital, N’Djamena.
A short stroll through N’Djamena quickly reveals the significant gap between legal mandates and daily reality. In vibrant markets such as the Central Market or Dembé, merchants and shoppers alike freely light up amidst the crowds. The pervasive smoke mingles indistinguishably with dust and the aromas of food.
“We’ve grown accustomed to cigarette smoke here; it’s something we breathe in every single day. There have been official rulings, yet no one seems to abide by them. It’s truly unacceptable,” shared Pélagie, a fish vendor, reflecting a common sentiment.
Christian echoed this frustration, stating, “In other nations, designated smoking zones exist, but regrettably, here in Chad, everyone is mixed together. Even within schools and hospitals, people are smoking. The government absolutely must fulfill its responsibilities.”
Like Pélagie and Christian, countless Chadians involuntarily become passive smokers in various settings, from bars and restaurants to even taxis. One individual, who suffers from asthma and allergies to both cigarette and shisha smoke, explained, “That’s precisely why I’ve stopped frequenting restaurants; no one there adheres to the regulations.”
Exposure to passive smoking significantly elevates the risk of non-smokers developing cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory illnesses. Children and expectant mothers are especially susceptible to these dangers. Environmentally, discarded cigarette butts litter the streets, contributing to pollution and posing a considerable fire hazard.
Chad’s Law n° 010/PR/2010, enacted on June 10, 2010, explicitly outlaws smoking in all public venues, enclosed workplaces, and public transportation. This legislation also extends protection to pregnant women and minors, stipulating clear penalties for non-compliance.
Subsequent implementation decrees, including Decree n° 1522/PR/MSP/2019, further clarified the enforcement procedures. Public awareness campaigns were launched by the Ministry of Public Health and the N’Djamena City Hall, and an anti-tobacco brigade was even established. Yet, more than a decade on, the effective enforcement of this crucial law continues to be one of Chad’s most persistent challenges.