One year ago, a historic peace agreement brokered by former US President Donald Trump aimed to resolve escalating tensions between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Yet, as the anniversary of the deal approaches, questions persist about its long-term impact on regional stability.
The accord, signed in early 2026, sought to curb the activities of the M23 rebel group, which had seized control of key areas in eastern DRC, including the strategic city of Goma. Under the agreement, both nations pledged to halt cross-border hostilities and collaborate on security measures to dismantle armed factions operating in the region.
However, Félix Tshisekedi, President of the DRC, and Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, continue to face criticism over the implementation of the pact. While the deal initially reduced clashes along the border, sporadic violence has persisted, raising concerns about the durability of the truce.
Challenges in enforcing the agreement
The peace initiative, facilitated by the United States, included provisions for joint military operations and economic cooperation. Yet, logistical hurdles and political disagreements have slowed progress. In eastern DRC, communities remain caught in the crossfire, with reports of renewed skirmishes between government forces and rebel factions.
Analysts highlight that without stronger enforcement mechanisms, the agreement risks becoming another unfulfilled promise in a region plagued by conflict. The M23’s continued presence in parts of North Kivu province underscores the challenges of disarmament and demobilization.
Economic and humanitarian consequences
The prolonged instability has taken a severe toll on civilians. Displaced populations struggle to access basic services, while trade routes remain disrupted. Aid organizations warn of worsening humanitarian crises if security conditions do not improve.
Meanwhile, diplomatic efforts to revive the peace process have gained momentum, with regional leaders urging both governments to recommit to the agreement. The role of international mediators remains crucial in bridging divides and ensuring accountability.
What lies ahead?
As the one-year mark passes, the future of the Trump-brokered deal hangs in the balance. Will the leaders of Rwanda and the DRC seize this moment to solidify peace, or will the cycle of violence continue unabated?
The coming months will be critical in determining whether the agreement can deliver lasting stability—or if it will fade into yet another failed attempt at regional reconciliation.
